绝对干货！医患英文对话之Anaemia贫血
摘要： Anaemia（贫血）是一种血液疾病，通常表现为血红蛋白或红细胞数量低于正常水平，导致组织供氧不足，常见症状包括眩晕、耳鸣、气短和乏力等。在医患英文对话中，医生常通过系统性问诊了解患者症状的频率、诱因及伴随表现，以辅助诊断贫血及其潜在病因。
- 贫血患者常主诉耳鸣（roaring in ears）、眩晕（giddiness/dizzy spells）、气短（breathless）等症状，这些是医患沟通中的高频表达。
- 对话中展示了多种描述相同症状的不同英文说法，如‘giddiness’、‘dizzy spells’、‘go giddy’均指眩晕，有助于提升医学英语听说能力。
- 医生通过询问职业、月经史、生活习惯（如吸烟、饮酒）及伴随症状（如恶心、头痛）来评估贫血可能的原因，如缺铁或妇科问题。
- 部分英文表达具有特定语境含义，如‘water’在此指排尿情况，‘I saw’为女性委婉表达‘来月经’，需结合上下文理解，避免误读。
- 该对话结构典型，覆盖了病史采集的关键环节，适合作为医博英语考试或临床英语听说训练的实用素材。
小白老师说：今天的医患英文对话的主题是Anaemia贫血，基本上在这个情景下的句式和表达都覆盖到了。对话中的难点小白老师都已经给出了中文和解释。请备考医博英语考试的朋友们仔细研读，也许考试时的长对话或某个短对话就是关于贫血。当然，对于不参加医博英语考试的同学们也非常有用，可听，可模仿，非常好的听说素材。有时间也不妨总结一下同一意思不同的表达，比如眩晕，耳鸣都有哪些不同的说法。好了，请赶快点击下方条形框播放音频吧。
WOMAN, AGED 39 （女性，39岁）
D=Doctor, P=Patient
D: I see you’ve been anaemic and you had a blood test last May. Has anything else troubled you?
P: I’ve kept getting a roaring in my ears and giddiness. 小白老师说： roaring轰鸣声，roaring in my ears耳鸣；giddiness眩晕。
D: Anything else?
P: Yes, I am breathless.
D: All the time?
P: Most of the time.
D: What do you do?
P: I’m a cook.
D: How long has all this gone on?
P: Say, six months. say，此处指“大约，粗略地”
D: Since your treatment with iron?
P: Yes. I keep getting dizzy spells. dizzy spells, 眩晕发作
D: Tell me about them. How often do you get them?
P: They come and go but last time I fell badly.
D: Does anything bring them on? 什么情况引起你眩晕发作？
P: Rushing about. 突然跑动时。
D: What actually happens?
P: I keep falling down.
D: Do you know you’re going to fall?
P: I know I’m falling but I can’t stop myself.
**D: Do your legs give way? 双腿不听使唤吗？**give way, 支持不住，跌倒
P: Yes.
D: Do you fall in any particular way?
P: I keep falling forwards.
D: You’ve hurt yourself more than once?
P: Oh, yes. I go giddy. The fridge comes to meet me and whizzes round.是的，我经常眩晕。我觉得冰箱朝我冲来，并快速旋转起来。
D: If you stand still, do you hold on?
P: Yes.
D: Do you feel giddy in bed?
P: Yes.
D: Are you all right between spasms? 两次发作期间你感觉好吗？
P: Yes.
D: Does it affect your hearing?
P: I get roaring in my ears.
D: What does it sound like?
P: Like whooshing. 像哗哗的流水声。whooshing，瀑布落水声。
D: How long?
P: Minutes.
D: Do you feel sick?
P: Yes. First thing in the morning. Terribly.
D: Have you been sick?
P: Oh, yes.
D: Do you suffer from headaches?
P: My periods are only for half a day and I get terrible headaches. 我每次月经只来半天，来月经时头疼得非常厉害。
D: How often do you have your periods?
P: It varies. Every two or three weeks.
D: Is it always like that?
P: Yes.
D: When did they start?
P: When I was eleven. Then nine years ago they stopped for three years. I saw five days before that. **小白老师说：这几句话的意思是——**我11岁来月经，然后9年前中断了三年。5天前刚来过月经。“I saw” 在这里的意思是 “我来月经了”（女性委婉的说法）。此处很容易出数字计算时间题。
D: You say you are breathless?
P: Yes. I get puffed if I go upstairs.
D: Do you suffer from indigestion?
P: No.
D: Bowel trouble?
P: No.
D: Water?小白老师说：在这里“water”可不是“水”的意思，而是问病人排尿有没有问题。考试的时候此处非常容易出干扰项。
P: No.
D: Do you get up at night? 小白老师说：这句话字面意思是“你晚上起床吗？”，在这个对话的情景下是问“夜里起来上厕所吗？”
P: No.
D: How’s your appetite?
P: Fair.
D: Do you smoke?
P: Fifteen to twenty a day.
D: Do you drink?
P: Not a lot.
常见问题
医患对话中‘roaring in my ears’是什么意思？
‘Roaring in my ears’指耳鸣，形容耳朵里有轰鸣声或哗哗声（whooshing），是贫血患者常见的伴随症状。
为什么医生会问‘Water?’和‘Do you get up at night?’？
在此语境下，‘Water?’是询问排尿是否异常；‘Do you get up at night?’指夜间是否需起床排尿（夜尿症），用于排除其他系统性疾病。
对话中‘I saw’是什么意思？
‘I saw’是女性对‘来月经’的委婉说法，例如‘I saw five days before that’意为‘5天前刚来过月经’。
贫血患者为何会出现‘冰箱朝我冲来并旋转’的感觉？
这是对严重眩晕（giddiness）的生动描述，反映患者因脑部供氧不足导致的空间定向障碍和视物旋转感。
参考资料
Anaemia - Symptoms and causes
↗梅奥诊所关于贫血症状与病因的权威说明，涵盖眩晕、气短、耳鸣等典型表现。
Medical English for Doctors: Taking a Patient History
常见医学英语问诊句式参考，包括对月经史、生活习惯及系统回顾的标准提问方式。