美语听力与发音技巧第21期 | 及物和不及物动词
摘要： 及物动词（transitive verbs）在英语中必须后接宾语才能表达完整含义，而不及物动词（intransitive verbs）则不需要宾语。常见错误是将及物动词如“like”或“want”单独使用，省略必要的宾语，这在英语语法中是不正确的。
- 英语中的及物动词（如 like、want）必须后接宾语，不能单独使用。
- 中文常可省略宾语（如“我喜欢”），但对应英文句子必须补全（如“I like it”）。
- 使用代词作宾语时，需注意选择正确的宾格形式（如 it, them, him）。
- 部分动词既可作及物也可作不及物，学习时应特别留意其用法分类。
- 掌握动词是否及物有助于避免常见语法错误，提升表达准确性。
小白老师说：坚持才会提高。美语听力与发音技巧，今天的主题是及物和不及物动词，音频是中英文双语的，请点击下方条形框播放语音。
Welcome to Daily Tips on Learning English. Today’s tip is to be aware of how some verbs in English, transitive verbs, require an object.
Not using an object after a transitive verb is a common mistake made by learners of English. For example, although in Chinese, you can say, “我喜欢” or “我不喜欢” without mentioning what you are talking about, in English, “like” requires an object. So you can’t say, “I like.” or “I don’t like.” You must say, “I like it.” or “I like them.” “I like her.” “I like you.” “I like Taiwan.” or “I don’t like it.” “I don’t like them.” “I don’t like him.” “I don’t like singing at KTVs.” You must use an object after “like” because it is a transitive verb.
Another common word which is misused is “want”. “want” is also a transitive verb and must be followed by an object. You cannot ask “do you want” as in the Chinese “你要不要？” “你要吗？” You must ask “Do you want some?” if you are asking about something uncountable like coffee or tea. “Do you want it?” if you are asking about a singular countable object like the last piece of pizza. “Do you want them?” if you are asking about plural countable objects such as some books. And “Do you want to?” or “Do you want to do it?” if you are asking about doing something like going to a movie or going to a concert.
The two verbs “like” and “want” are the two most commonly misused transitive verbs as in “I like” or “I want”. Be careful to complete the meaning of these transitive verbs by adding an object. And when using a pronoun, be careful to choose the proper pronoun. In English, certain verbs are used only transitively, some are used only intransitively, and some are used at times transitively and at other times intransitively.
Today’s tip is to pay special attention when learning verbs, to learn whether or not the verb is transitive, and not to neglect adding an object if it is.
This has been today’s daily tips on learning English. Tune in tomorrow for another tip.
常见问题
为什么不能说 “I like.” 或 “I want.”？
因为 “like” 和 “want” 是及物动词，必须后接宾语（如 it, coffee, to go）才能构成完整句子。
如何判断一个动词是及物还是不及物？
可通过查词典确认动词标注（通常标有 vt. 表示及物，vi. 表示不及物），或观察其在例句中是否需要宾语。
中文可以说“你要吗？”，英文为什么不能直接说 “Do you want?”？
英文 “want” 必须带宾语，应根据上下文补充内容，如 “Do you want some?”（不可数物）或 “Do you want it?”（单数可数物）。
有没有既可以及物又可以不及物的动词？
有，例如 “eat”：不及物用法如 “I eat quickly.”，及物用法如 “I eat apples.”
参考资料
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
常见英语语法资源中对及物与不及物动词的标准解释，适用于 ESL 学习者。