美语听力与发音技巧第32期 | 使役动词
使役动词（causative verbs）如 'make'、'have' 和 'get' 用于表达某人促使或导致另一人做某事，而 'let' 则表示允许某人做某事。这些动词在结构和语义上各有差异，需根据具体语境准确使用。
关键要点
- 'Make' 表示强迫或强制，强调对方没有选择；'have' 表示安排或请求，语气较温和；'get' 强调通过劝说达成目的。
- 'Let' 表示给予许可，前提是对方主动想做某事，与 'make' 的强制含义截然相反。
- 使役动词后接宾语再加动词原形（如 make him do），不可加 to（如不能说 make him to do）。
- 中文母语者常混淆 'let' 与 'make'，需注意 'let' 对应‘允许’，'make' 对应‘迫使’。
小白老师说：坚持才会提高。美语听力与发音技巧，今天的主题是使役动词的用法。音频是中英文双语的，请点击下方条形框播放语音。
Welcome to Daily Tips on Learning English. Today’s tip is on the causative verbs “make”, “have” and “get”, and the verb “let”.
Let’s look at some examples. “I made my brother carry my suitcase.” “I had my brother carry my suitcase.” “I got my brother to carry my suitcase.” “I let my brother carry my suitcase.” “make”, “have” and “get” can be used to express the idea that “X” causes “Y” to do something.
When they are used with this meaning, they’re similar but not identical. “I made him carry my suitcase” means I give him no choice. I insisted or forced him to do it. “I had him carry my suitcase” means that he did it just because I asked him. I didn’t have to insist. “I got him to carry my suitcase” means I managed to persuade my brother to carry my suitcase. I didn’t insist. I persuaded him, possibly by offering to give him something or do something for him. “I let him carry my suitcase” means he wanted to carry my suitcase. He asked me if he could, and I said “OK”. I give him my permission to do it.
Chinese learners of English often use “let” when they should use “make”. Remember that “make” is similar to “force”, and only if you do not want to do it can someone make you do it. And remember that “let” is similar to “allow” or “permit”, and only if you need someone’s permission to do it, and you want to do it can someone let you or not let you do it.
Also be careful with using the verbs “let”, “make”, and “have” with these meanings. Say “let me do it”. Do not say “let me to do it”. Say “make him do it”, do not say “make him to do it”. And say “have her do it”, do not say “have her to do it”.
This has been today’s daily tip on learning English. Tune in tomorrow for another tip.
常见问题
使役动词 make、have、get 和 let 有什么区别？
‘Make’ 表示强迫，‘have’ 表示安排或请求，‘get’ 表示说服成功，‘let’ 表示允许。四者语义不同，不可互换。
为什么不能说 ‘make him to do it’？
因为使役动词 make、have、let 后接宾语时，动词必须用原形（bare infinitive），不能加 to。正确说法是 ‘make him do it’。
中文学习者常犯的使役动词错误是什么？
常误用 ‘let’ 代替 ‘make’，例如想表达‘他逼我做’却说成 ‘He let me do it’，正确应为 ‘He made me do it’。
参考资料
Daily Tips on Learning English – Causative Verbs
本文内容源自英语学习播客《Daily Tips on Learning English》第32期，聚焦使役动词用法。