干货 | 专业医学词汇 vs 非专业词汇 对照表
摘要： 专业医学词汇与非专业词汇对照表旨在帮助医务人员将复杂的医学术语转化为患者易于理解的日常用语，从而提升医患沟通效果。使用非专业术语（lay terms）有助于患者更好地理解自身健康状况和治疗方案。这种语言转换是有效医患沟通的重要组成部分。
- 医务人员应避免使用患者难以理解的医学术语，转而采用通俗易懂的非专业词汇。
- 常见医学术语如‘myocardial infarction’可替换为‘heart attack’以增强患者理解。
- 药物类术语也可简化，例如‘analgesics’说成‘pain killers’，‘diuretics’说成‘water tablets’。
- 身体部位或生理概念的解释应使用生活化语言，如将‘pancreas’描述为‘帮助消化并控制血糖的腺体’。
- 良好的医患沟通不仅关乎信息传递，更影响患者的满意度与治疗依从性。
小白老师说：Doctor-patient communication is a skill essential for the satisfaction of the patients’ needs and expectations. It involves an art of language. Explanations should be given in words patients will understand, avoiding medical jargon. Using lay terms—words familiar to people without medical knowledge—can help patients understand explanations.
jargon 行话，术语
terminology 术语
lay terms 非专业术语
Some lay terms for medical conditions
Medical conditions
Lay term
acute cerebrovascular event
stroke
arrhythmia
palpitations
dyspnoea
breathlessness
fractured neck of femur
broken hip
haematemesis
vomiting blood
haematuria
blood in the urine
insomnia
trouble with sleep
intermittent claudication
pains in the back of the legs when walking
myocardial infarction
heart attack
nocturia
needing to pass urine (water) at night
Some lay terms for medication
Medical conditions
Lay term
analgesics
pain killers
antitussive
cough mixture
anti-depressants
tablets to improve your mood
anti-inflammatories
medicine to reduce swelling
spasmolytic
a muscle relaxant
broncho-dilator
a substance which causes the airways to open up
DMARDs (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs)
pills that help stop arthritis progressing
diuretics
water tablets
hypertension medication
pills for blood pressure
hypnotics
sleeping tablets / pills
oral contraceptives
the pill
Simple definitions
Most patients do not have any medical knowledge, so it is important to use simple words they will understand when talking about certain parts of the body or medical conditions.
Medical term
Simple definition
arteries
tubes which carry blood around the body
benign
not due to cancer or infection
bronchi
airways that connect your windpipe to your lungs
cholesterol
fat that clogs the arteries
intervertebral disks
shock absorbers which separate the bones in your back
oesophagus
the tube that connects the back of the throat to the stomach
pancreas
a gland that helps digestion and makes insulin to control blood sugar
thyroid
a gland that produces some of the hormones required in daily life
urethra
the tube that carries urine from the bladder
常见问题
为什么医生应该使用非专业词汇与患者沟通？
因为大多数患者没有医学背景，使用非专业词汇能帮助他们更准确地理解病情、治疗和用药信息，从而提高沟通效率和治疗依从性。
‘Lay terms’是什么意思？
‘Lay terms’指普通人熟悉的日常用语，而非医学专业术语，用于向无医学知识的患者解释健康相关概念。
如何将‘haematuria’用非专业语言表达？
可以表达为‘blood in the urine’（尿中有血）。
‘DMARDs’对普通患者该怎么解释？
可以说成‘pills that help stop arthritis progressing’（帮助阻止关节炎恶化的药片）。
参考资料
Doctor-patient communication and patient satisfaction
引述自小白老师关于医患沟通中语言艺术的观点，强调使用患者可理解语言的重要性。