影像X-ray常用医学英语词汇总结

小白老师说：书写英文病历时，应记录与诊断相关的实验室及器械检查结果，如血、尿、粪常规和其他有关实验室检查，X线、心电图、超声波、内镜、CT、血管造影、放射性核素等特殊检查。今天先给大家总结X线检查的常用词汇。

一、肺 Lung

清晰 clear

肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows

肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings

钙化灶 calcified

空洞 cavitation

球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)

小块阴影区 a minimal area of density

散状的点（片）状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows

边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density

圆形致密影 a round density

胸膜增厚 pleural thickening

肋膈角模糊（变钝、消失）haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle

横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement

包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion

液气胸 hydropneumothorax

纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement

肺门模糊 hilar haze

肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density

肺淤血（栓塞） pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)

阴影性状 shadow

淡的 haziness

云雾状 clouding

线装 streaky

絮状 patcky

结节状 nodular

块状 massive

粟粒状 miliary

融合状 confluent

均匀的 homogeneous

二、心脏 Heart

左（右）房（室）增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement

主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta

主动脉型（二尖瓣型）心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart

肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment

肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery

心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow

左（右）心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement

左（右）心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation

靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart

主动脉钙化　calcification of aorta

心腰部 waist of heart

垂位（狭长形；无力形；横位；斜位）心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart

三、腹部平片 KUB film

结石 calculus

钙化影 calcified shadow

阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern

液气平面 gas-fluid level

膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air

四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination

胃肠造影 gastroenterography

双重对比造影 double contrast radiography

食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign

十二指肠曲（压迹）duodenal flexure(impression)

小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine

结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon

胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time

胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach

充盈缺损 filling defect

黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds

张力减低（增高）hypotonicity (hypertonicity)

球部激惹现象 irritable cap

蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)

蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis

蠕动消失 aperistalsis

排空加快（减缓） accelerated(reduced) evacuation

跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon

黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold

黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold

五、胆道 bile tract

口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography

静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography

经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography

经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

胆总管扩张dilated common duct

胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily

胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately

收缩功能 contractibility

六、骨骼skeleton

骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone

洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance

骨膜反应 periosteal reaction

骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)

骨化 ossification

畸形 deformity

缩短 shortening

移位 displacement

脱位 luxation

半脱位 subluxation

连接不正 malunion

青枝骨折 greenstick fracture

多发性骨折 multiple fracture

病理性骨折 pathological fracture

关节间隙 joint space

椎间隙 intervertebral space

肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage

骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis)

骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis

死骨 sequestrum

骨质坏死 bone necrosis

关节肿胀（破坏；退行）swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint

关节强直 ankyloses

骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation

对线良好 good alignment

对位良好 good apposition

七、泌尿系统 urological system

静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)

逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography

萎缩 atrophy

移位 deformity

扭曲 distortion

充盈缺损 filling defect

狭窄 stricture

不透光的（透光的）结石 opaque(translucent) stone

八、X线检查位置

前后位 anteroposterior projection

后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection

侧位 lateral projection

立位 upright position

斜位 oblique projection

右（左）前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection

前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection

前凸位 lordotic position projection

轴位 axial position

头位 cranial projection

尾位 caudal projection