医患英文对话听力 | 询问既往病史
摘要： 医患英文对话中询问既往病史（Past Medical History）是医生了解患者童年疾病、手术史、慢性病及免疫接种情况的关键环节，有助于全面评估患者健康状况。此类对话通常包含固定表达和医学术语，如 chickenpox（水痘）、diabetes（糖尿病）和 immunizations（疫苗接种）。掌握常见句型与词汇可有效提升医学英语听力与沟通能力。
- 询问既往病史是医患沟通中的标准流程，涵盖童年疾病、手术、慢性病和疫苗接种情况。
- 常见童年疾病包括麻疹（measles）、水痘（chickenpox）、腮腺炎（mumps）和风疹（German measles）。
- 糖尿病等慢性病需说明确诊时间、症状及治疗方式（如使用胰岛素）。
- 患者常被问及是否接受过住院或手术治疗，例如扁桃体切除（tonsillectomy）。
- 准备医学英语考试时，熟悉固定问答模式和核心词汇可显著提升听力理解效率。
小白老师说：医学博士英语统考听力的对话部分其实完全可以提前准备，只要把常见的医患对话情景都梳理一遍，扫除单词、习语、固定表达方式的障碍，到考试的时候遇到类似情景就可以做到胸有成竹，不慌不忙。今天医患英文对话的主题是Past Medicine，询问既往病史。**
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D=Doctor, P=Patient
D: I’d like to ask you about your past medical history. Can you tell me whether you have had any childhood diseases, for example, chickenpox, measles, mumps or German measles?
P: When I was small, I had measles, chickenpox and whooping cough, but I don’t think I ever had German measles.
D: Have you ever been in hospital for anything, or have you ever had an operation?
P: Well, I had my tonsils out when I was a child.
D: Have you had any major health problems since then?
P: Yes, I have diabetes.
D: When were you first told that you had diabetes? What were your symptoms?
P: After I was fourtee. I was always thirsty, tired and depressed.
D: Are you receiving any treatment for your diabetes?
P: I’ve been insulin ever since.
D: Are you up to date with all your immunizations?
P: Yes.
D: Good. Let me have a look at the letter from your GP.
P: Yes, here it is.
Vocabulary
immunizations 疫苗接种
German measles 风疹
chickenpox 水痘
measles 麻疹
mumps 腮腺炎
tonsil 扁桃腺
appendix 阑尾，盲肠
insulin 胰岛素
常见问题
医生在询问既往病史时通常会问哪些问题？
医生通常会问患者是否患过童年疾病（如麻疹、水痘）、是否有住院或手术史、是否患有慢性病（如糖尿病），以及疫苗接种是否齐全。
“Past medical history”在医患对话中指什么？
“Past medical history”指患者过去的健康状况，包括曾患疾病、手术、长期用药和免疫接种记录。
如何用英语回答自己患有糖尿病并使用胰岛素？
可以说：“I have diabetes. I’ve been on insulin ever since.”
为什么医学会特别关注童年疾病史？
某些童年传染病（如风疹、腮腺炎）可能对成年后的健康或特定医疗决策产生影响，因此需详细记录。
参考资料
Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine
标准临床医学手册，包含病史采集规范
USMLE Step 2 CS Communication Skills
美国医师执照考试中关于医患沟通的官方指南