口语 | 如何用英语向病人解释胃镜检查的流程
摘要： 胃镜检查（Gastroscopy）是一种通过内窥镜观察食道、胃和十二指肠内部情况的常规门诊检查，通常在局部麻醉或轻度镇静下进行，全程约10分钟，但需预留两小时完成整个流程。
- 胃镜检查用于观察食道、胃和十二指肠的内部状况，是常见且安全的门诊操作。
- 检查前通常会对喉咙进行局部麻醉，并可能注射镇静剂帮助患者放松，但不会完全入睡。
- 检查过程中会插入带有摄像头的细软内窥镜，同时向胃内注入空气以便更清晰地观察黏膜。
- 医生可能会在检查中取少量组织样本（活检）送实验室分析，该过程无痛。
- 虽然可能感到不适（如腹胀或想打嗝），但胃镜通常不会引起明显疼痛。
小白老师说：向病人解释手术流程和方式宜尽可能的详细，最好用通俗或打比方的方式讲解，使其浅显易懂。今天和大家分享如何用英语向病人解释胃镜检查的流程。
Gastroscopy is a test to look inside the gullet, the stomach and the first part of the gut, known as the duodenum.
Gastroscopy is usually done as an outpatient ‘day case’. It is a routine test which is commonly done. The operator may numb the back of your throat by spraying on some local anaesthetic, or give you an anaesthetic lozenge to suck. You may be given a sedative to help you to relax. This is usually given by an injection into a vein in the back of your hand. The sedative can make you drowsy but it does not put you to sleep completely. It is not a general anaesthetic.
You lie on your side on a couch. You are asked to put a plastic mouth guard between your teeth. This protects your teeth and stops you biting the endoscope.
The operator will then ask you to swallow the first section of the endoscope. Modern endoscopes are quite thin but some people may find this difficult. The operator then gently pushes it further down your gullet (oesophagus) and into your stomach and the first part of your gut (small intestine) known as your duodenum. The video camera at the tip of the endoscope sends pictures to a screen. The operator watches the screen for abnormalities of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
Air is passed down a channel in the endoscope into the stomach to make the stomach lining easier to see. This may cause you to feel full and want to belch.
The operator may take one or more small samples (biopsies) of parts of the inside lining of the gut - depending on why the test is done and what they see. This is painless. The biopsy samples are sent to the laboratory for testing and to look at under the microscope. The endoscope is then gently pulled out.
A gastroscopy usually takes about 10 minutes. However, you should allow at least two hours for the whole appointment. This is to prepare, give time for the sedative to work (if you have one), for the gastroscopy itself and to recover. A gastroscopy may be quite uncomfortable but it does not usually hurt.
常见问题
做胃镜会不会很痛？
胃镜通常不会引起明显疼痛，但可能有不适感，如喉咙异物感或胃部胀气；医生会使用局部麻醉和/或镇静剂来减轻不适。
胃镜检查需要多长时间？
实际检查过程大约10分钟，但整个就诊流程（包括准备、镇静起效和恢复）通常需要预留至少两小时。
检查时会睡着吗？
不会完全睡着。使用的镇静剂只会让人感到困倦和放松，属于轻度镇静，不同于全身麻醉。
为什么检查时要咬住牙垫？
牙垫（mouth guard）用于保护牙齿，并防止患者在检查过程中无意咬坏内窥镜。
参考资料
Patient information: Gastroscopy (upper endoscopy)
内容基于临床常用患者说明材料整理，符合国际通用胃镜操作流程描述。