临床英语会话 | 心肌梗死 (2)
摘要: 心肌梗死(Myocardial Infarction, MI)是由于冠状动脉急性闭塞导致心肌缺血坏死的临床综合征。典型表现为胸痛、心电图改变及心肌酶升高,但也可能无明显体征。在鉴别诊断中需考虑肺栓塞、夹层动脉瘤、急性心包炎、心脏神经官能症及食管裂孔疝等疾病。
- 心肌梗死初期通常不伴发热,发热多在发病24小时内出现并持续约一周。
- 查体可能无明显异常体征,不能仅凭体格检查排除心肌梗死。
- 鉴别诊断需包括肺栓塞、夹层动脉瘤、急性心包炎、心脏神经官能症和食管裂孔疝。
- 急性心包炎常在起病时即有发热,可作为与心肌梗死的鉴别点之一。
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Myocardial Infarction 心肌梗死(2)
Physician (patient’s family doctor): Hello, Dr.Grey. How’s Mr. Scott doing? What do you think he had?
你好,格蕾医生。斯考特先生病情怎么样?你认为他得了什么病?
Intern: A myocardial infarction. 心肌梗塞。
Physician: I have to agree with that. Why don’t we go to the lounge and discuss the problem? Then we can come back and see Mr. Scott again.
我同意你的意见。我们到休息室去讨论一下这个问题好吗?然后再回来看斯考特先生。
Intern: Fine. 好的。

Physician: What did you find on the physical exam? 查体你发现什么?
Intern: There really wasn’t anything remarkable.
确实没有什么异常的体征。
Physician: Does that surprise you?
那使你感到意外吗?
Intern: No, not really. 不意外。
Physician: What other conditions would you think of when ruling out an MI?
在排除心肌梗塞时,你会考虑是哪些病?
Intern: Pulmonary embolus, cardiac neurosis, dissecting aneurysm, and acute pericarditis.
肺栓塞、心脏神经官能症、夹层动脉瘤和急性心包炎。

Physician: That’s quite good. I would also consider hiatal hernia. He wasn’t in shock when I saw him, nor was there any evidence that he was going into acute pulmonary edema. Would you expect to see fever at the onset of this condition.
很好。我也会考虑食管裂孔疝。当我看他时,他并没有休克,也没有即将发生急性肺水肿的任何征象。在心肌梗塞初起时你认为会发烧吗?
Intern: Yes, I would. 是的,我认为有可能。
Physician: It’s usually absent at the onset, in contrast to acute pericarditis. It usually will rise within 24 hours and remain about a week.
与急性心包炎相反,心肌梗塞时一般不发烧。心肌梗塞的发烧通常在24小时内升高,大约持续一周。
常见问题
心肌梗死一开始就会发烧吗?
通常不会。心肌梗死初期一般无发热,发热多在24小时内出现,并可持续约一周;而急性心包炎则常在起病时就有发热。
心肌梗死患者查体一定有异常发现吗?
不一定。部分心肌梗死患者在体格检查中可能无明显异常体征,需结合心电图和心肌酶学检查综合判断。
哪些疾病需要与心肌梗死进行鉴别诊断?
包括肺栓塞、夹层动脉瘤、急性心包炎、心脏神经官能症和食管裂孔疝等,这些疾病也可能引起类似胸痛症状。
参考资料
Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine
权威心血管疾病教材,涵盖心肌梗死的临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断。
UpToDate: Acute myocardial infarction: Clinical features and diagnosis
提供心肌梗死的最新临床指南,包括发热模式和鉴别诊断要点。