实用医患英文对话 | 儿童病史采集

小白老师2017/09/28英语学习

摘要: 儿童病史采集是儿科诊疗中的关键环节,通过系统询问孕产史、发育里程碑、喂养方式、疫苗接种、既往疾病、家族史等信息,帮助医生全面评估儿童健康状况。该过程通常由医生与患儿监护人(如母亲)以结构化对话形式完成,需使用清晰、简洁且具文化敏感性的英文沟通。本文提供了一段典型美式英语医患对话范例,涵盖常见问诊要点。

  • 儿童病史采集需覆盖孕产史、分娩方式、发育情况、喂养模式、疫苗接种、过敏史及家族遗传病史等核心内容。
  • 医生应使用开放式与封闭式问题结合的方式,确保信息准确且高效获取。
  • 监护人回答中可能包含医学术语误解(如将产钳助产误称为剖腹产),提示临床沟通需确认理解一致性。
  • 日常健康管理细节(如冬季补充维生素、饮食结构)也是病史的重要组成部分。
  • 家庭成员的慢性病史(如糖尿病、肺癌)对儿童风险评估具有参考价值。

小白老师说:学英语这件小事,只要每天进步一点点就可以了,时间长了,你一样可以把大多数人甩在身后。医患英文对话,今天的主题是儿童病史采集,录的音频是美音。

Pediatric Medical History 儿童病史采集

D = Doctor, M = Mother

D: Were there any complications during pregnancy, like diabetes, hypertension?

在怀孕期间,您有什么并发症吗,比如糖尿病,高血压?

M: No, not really. Only that I am blood group O negative, so I had to have lots of blood tests and I had to be induced.

没有,不过我是 O 型阴性血,所以我得接受很多血液检测,而且必须引产。

D: Was it a normal delivery? Or C section, forceps, suction?

是顺产吗?还是剖腹产?产钳助产?吸引分娩?

M: It was forceps. 是剖腹产。

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D: Did you have an epidural?

你是否有过脊髓硬膜外腔的注射?

M: Yes, I did. 是的,有过。

D: Did you have any missages before your pregnancy?

在怀孕以前流产过吗?

M: Yes, I had two. 是的,流产过两次。

D: Has your child had any vaccinations? What are they?

你的孩子是否已经打过疫苗?是什么疫苗?

M: She has had all the child vaccinations.

她打过所有的儿童疫苗。

D: Has your child’s development been normal? Can your child sit, smile, crawl, walk?

你孩子的发育正常吗?能坐、笑、爬和走吗?

M: Yes, it has. 是的,一切正常。

D: Can you tell me your child’s feeding history?

能够告诉我你孩子的喂养记录吗?

M: Normal progress. 正常的进度。

D: Is your child breast or formula fed? Have supplementary foods? Is your child weaned?

你的孩子是母乳还是奶粉喂养?添加辅食了吗?孩子断奶了吗?

M: She is on normal foods now, and only has a bottle of cow milk in the evenings and juice in a cup during the day.

她现在饮食正常,晚上喝一瓶牛奶,白天一杯果汁。

D: Does your child have any existing medical health problems?

你孩子有已经确诊的病吗?

M: No. 没有。

D: Is she taking any other medication for any other reason, for example, vitamins?

有没有因为其他原因吃药呢,比如维生素?

M: She takes child vitamin pills in the winter.

她冬天的时候吃儿童维生素。

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D: Have there been any illnesses or physical problems in the last year?

过去一年她得过什么病或有任何身体问题吗?

M: No. 没有。

D: Has she had any infections or viruses recently?

最近是否有过细菌或病毒感染?

M: She had a slight cold a couple of months ago, nothing serious.

两个月前,她得过轻微的感冒,但是并不严重。

D: Do you have a family history of diabetes, heart problems, cancer or lung complaints?

家庭中是否有糖尿病、心脏病、癌症或呼吸疾病的病史?

M: Both her grandparents have diabetes, and her grandfather had lung cancer.

她祖父母都有高血压,而她祖父还得过肺癌。

D: Has she had any surgery? What for?

她是否曾经做过手术?如果有,是什么原因?

M: No. 没有。

D: Does she have any allergies?

她对什么有过敏反应?

M: No. Not that I know of. 就我所知没有。

D: Has she had any medical tests recently?

她最近做过什么医疗检测吗?

M: No. 没有。

D: Is there anything you need to tell me, that you think will be useful?

你是否还有其他对病情有用的信息可以提供给我?

M: No. I don’t think I need to tell you anything else.

没有。我认为没有其他可以告诉您的了。

常见问题

儿童病史采集中医生通常会问哪些方面的问题?

医生通常会询问孕期并发症、分娩方式、新生儿状况、生长发育里程碑、喂养方式、疫苗接种记录、既往疾病或感染史、过敏史、用药情况、家族遗传病史以及近期健康变化等。

为什么需要了解母亲的血型和分娩方式?

O型阴性血母亲若怀有Rh阳性胎儿,可能发生Rh溶血病,需监测;分娩方式(如产钳、剖宫产)可能影响新生儿健康评估,属于围产期重要信息。

监护人说孩子“打过所有儿童疫苗”是否足够?

不够具体。理想情况下应提供疫苗种类和接种时间,但若在常规免疫规划地区且无特殊暴露风险,此回答可作为初步筛查依据,必要时可调阅免疫记录核实。

如何用英文询问儿童发育是否正常?

常用问法包括:“Has your child's development been normal?” 或更具体地问:“Can your child sit, smile, crawl, walk at the expected age?”

参考资料

American Academy of Pediatrics - Pediatric History Taking

美国儿科学会关于儿科病史采集的标准指南,强调系统性问诊框架。

实用医患英文对话 | 儿童病史采集

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