作文预测 | 流感主题作文实用表达及句子总结

小白老师说：本着 “宁可错杀，不可放过” 的原则，前几天给大家预测了流感主题的作文。今天给大家总结流感这个主题的重要词汇、实用表达和句子。还是那句话，万一考到，有备无患。

最怕你一直努力，最后却输在作文上

在这篇作文中，小白老师找了一个独特的视角来考察大家，即普通感冒和流感的区别。**但是就流感这个话题本身，还有多个角度可以考察，比如流感的治疗和预防、为什么流感会致命等等，**就看出题人怎么出了。

无论这个主题的作文怎么出，有一些核心的东西总是必须要掌握的，比如“流感”这个关键词怎么写，比如怎么描述症状，如何治疗、诊断和预防，比如怎么和普通感冒进行对比等等。

关键词破解：“流感” 和 “普通感冒” 用英语怎么说？

• 流感：influenza，或 the flu
• 普通感冒：the common cold，或 the cold

“流感和普通感冒的区别” 可以写成:

the difference between influenza and the common cold

今天的内容分成三块：

第一，流感相关的英文表达，包括定义、症状、并发症、高风险人群、预防、诊断和治疗。

第二，普通感冒相关的英文表达，包括定义、症状、高风险人群、病因等。

第三，流感和普通感冒的区别。

第一部分：流感 Key Facts About Influenza (Flu)

1. 流感的定义

Influenza (the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness. Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalization or death. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk of serious flu complications.

2. 流感的症状

People who have the flu often feel some or all of these signs and symptoms that usually start suddenly, not gradually:

• Fever* or feeling feverish/chills
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Muscle or body aches
• Headaches
• Fatigue (very tired)
• Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in young children than in adults.

* It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.

3. 流感的并发症（Complications）

The flu is dangerous because it can quickly lead to serious complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and even death. It can also make chronic conditions such as asthma and congestive heart failure worse.

4. 流感高风险人群（People at High Risk from Flu）

People at high risk for developing serious flu complications include young children, people over 65, pregnant women and those with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease.

5. 流感的预防

In terms of flu prevention, the best defense against the flu is to get vaccinated. Experts also recommend everyday preventive actions, such as staying away from people who are sick, covering coughs and sneezes and frequent handwashing, to help slow the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses.

6. 流感的诊断

It is very difficult to distinguish the flu from other viral or bacterial causes of respiratory illnesses on the basis of symptoms alone. There are tests available to diagnose flu.

7. 流感的治疗

There are influenza antiviral drugs that can be used to treat flu illness.

第二部分：关于普通感冒 Key Facts About The Common Cold

1. 普通感冒的定义 What is the common cold(or the cold)?

The common cold is the most widespread acute respiratory tract illness affecting all age groups. Many types of viruses can cause a common cold.

2. 普通感冒的症状（Symptoms）

Symptoms of a common cold usually appear one to three days after exposure to a cold-causing virus. Signs and symptoms, which can vary from person to person, might include:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Congestion
• Slight body aches or a mild headache
• Sneezing
• Low-grade fever
• Generally feeling unwell (malaise)

3. 普通感冒的高风险人群

Children younger than six are at greatest risk of colds, but healthy adults can also expect to have two or three colds annually.

Most people recover from a common cold in a week or 10 days. Symptoms might last longer in people who smoke. If symptoms don’t improve, see your doctor.

4. 普通感冒的病因 Causes

Although many types of viruses can cause a common cold, rhinoviruses are the most common culprit.

A cold virus enters human body through one’s mouth, eyes or nose. The virus

can spread through droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. It also spreads by hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold or by sharing contaminated objects, such as utensils, towels, toys or telephones.

5. 普通感冒的并发症 Complications

• Acute ear infection (otitis media).
• Asthma. A cold can trigger an asthma attack.
• Acute sinusitis. In adults or children, a common cold that doesn’t resolve can lead to inflammation and infection of the sinuses (sinusitis).
• Other secondary infections. These include strep throat (streptococcal pharyngitis), pneumonia, and croup or bronchiolitis in children. These infections need to be treated by a doctor.

第三部分：普通感冒和流感的区别

The Difference between the Common Cold and the Flu

1. The flu comes on abruptly; the cold is more gradual.

2. Unlike the common cold, the onset of symptoms for flu (or Influenza) is very sudden and fast.

3. The common cold eventually fizzles, but the flu may be deadly.

4. In general, the flu is worse than the common cold, and symptoms are more common and intense.

5. Flu causes epidemics and pandemics with the potential for mortality, whereas the common cold is a nuisance for us.

6. October marks the beginning of a new influenza season. While common cold is generally a mild and uncomplicated disease, influenza can cause severe disease leading to hospitalization and occasionally death, especially older people, pregnant women, young children and people with chronic diseases.

7. The common symptoms of cold and flu lead to the confusion among these two terms and sometimes flu is neglected mistaking it as a common cold. Both are viral infections, but flu can be epidemic and pandemic with the potential for mortality.

8. Symptoms of common cold and influenza are similar and their mode of transmission also resembles, but yet they are two different diseases. Common cold being the less infectious and self-limiting is not taken very seriously, whereas influenza, associated with the complete respiratory tract can be fatal in it’s sever forms.
9. Because colds and the flu share many symptoms, it can be difficult to tell the difference between them based on symptoms alone. Special tests that usually must be done within the first few days of illness can tell if a person has the flu.
10. Colds also don’t generally lead to the serious health complications that can come with flu and that in some cases can be deadly.