医学的未来就是微创，三代激光视力矫正技术比较
摘要： 三代激光视力矫正技术——PRK、LASIK 和 SMILE——代表了角膜屈光手术从表面切削到微创无瓣的发展历程，体现了医学向更精准、更少创伤方向演进的趋势。
- PRK 是第一代激光视力矫正技术，采用角膜表面切削方式，恢复期较长但成本较低，至今仍在临床使用。
- LASIK 作为第二代技术，通过制作角膜瓣结合准分子激光重塑角膜，实现快速视力恢复，但存在瓣相关并发症风险。
- SMILE 是第三代微创无瓣技术，仅通过微小切口取出透镜状角膜组织，兼具 PRK 的安全性和 LASIK 的快速恢复优势。
- 三代技术的演进反映了屈光手术向更少组织损伤、更高生物力学稳定性和患者舒适度的方向发展。
- “微创”已成为现代眼科乃至整个医学领域的重要发展趋势。
小白老师说：一口气看完这个英文原版视频，觉得有句话说得太棒了，The future is minimally invasive. 小白老师觉得不仅是眼科，整个医学发展亦是如此。
本文其实是小白老师的 APP “医博英语” 上的一篇视听素材的字幕，非常精彩的英文原版视频，大家可以移步 APP 欣赏。还没有下载 APP 同学可点击下方蓝字查看详情**▼**
Striving for perfection is part of human nature because advancements make our lives easier, fascinate us and help us to move forward.
Sometimes they lead to major contributions that define entire epochs, like the groundbreaking milestones achieved in corneal refractive surgery with three generations in only 30 years.
It all started with PRK, the first generation of laser vision correction, characterized as corneal surface ablation surgery. It is often considered an economical solution.
Despite a lengthy recovery period and some patient discomfort, it is still widely performed today.
Then LASIK, the second generation of laser vision correction, was introduced as a flap surgery approach.
With femto LASIK, high-precision femtosecond technology is used to cut the flap.
Like PRK, it involves reshaping the cornea with an excimer laser. It has become a very popular procedure thanks in part to its quick visual recovery. However the flap is permanent and accompanied by a slight risk of complications.
SMILE, the third generation of laser vision correction, is based on the small incision lenticular extraction technique.
Performed with a femtosecond laser it combines the advantages of both PRK and LASIK.
SMILE is a minimally invasive flapless procedure. One that is redefining refractive surgery as we know it.
It seems that laser vision correction has never been more advanced tissue preserving and gentle for the eye and today
The future is minimally invasive.
大家现在就可以移步小白老师的 APP “医博英语” 欣赏精彩三代激光矫正技术的英文原版视频，还没有下载 APP 同学可点击下方蓝字查看 APP 详情**▼**
苹果手机用户请到 APP Store 搜索 “医博英语” ▼
常见问题
PRK、LASIK 和 SMILE 三种激光视力矫正技术的主要区别是什么？
PRK 直接在角膜表面进行激光切削，无角膜瓣；LASIK 先制作角膜瓣再进行基质层切削；SMILE 则通过飞秒激光在角膜内制作微透镜并通过小切口取出，无需制作角膜瓣。
为什么 SMILE 被称为更微创的视力矫正技术？
因为 SMILE 不需要制作角膜瓣，仅通过 2–4 毫米的微小切口完成手术，保留了更多角膜神经和生物力学稳定性，术后干眼等并发症风险更低。
LASIK 的主要风险是什么？
LASIK 的主要风险与角膜瓣相关，包括瓣移位、皱褶、上皮植入以及术后干眼症，尤其在眼部受外力撞击时存在潜在风险。
PRK 现在还值得选择吗？
是的，PRK 适用于角膜较薄或从事高风险运动的人群，虽然恢复较慢，但长期安全性良好，且无瓣相关并发症。
参考资料
Evolution of Refractive Surgery: From PRK to SMILE
内容基于医博英语 APP 提供的英文原版视频字幕，未引用具体学术文献。