每周一个长难句，手把手教程（第 7 期）

小白老师说：努力过了才会知道，天上从来不会真的掉下馅饼，运气不过是学霸的谦辞。每周一个长难句，踏踏实实吃透语法、扩充单词、提升能力。

先来看今天的句子

Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

中文释义

（药物）依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状。

难点分析

1. 句子主干为：Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by…
2. 该句子难点有二，一是并列从句，二是省略。
3. with 引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句“Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance” 所描述的状态。
4. and 引导的分句省略了谓语动词 marked ，如果把句子复原，就应该是“and then （marked）by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. 所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第一分句，而是与之并列的结构。

翻译技巧

有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了，其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻译就可以了。

重点词汇

1. dependence [dɪˈpendəns] n. 依赖；瘾

   例句：

   French doctors tend to regard drug dependence as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder.

   法国医生倾向于把毒瘾看作是一种根深蒂固的心理障碍。

   Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?

   你是期望变老，还是害怕自己年迈体衰、记忆减退，而且还要依赖他人？

2. tolerance [ˈtɒlərəns] n. 容忍；限度；耐药量，耐药性

   例句：

   Tolerance to alcohol decreases with age.

   酒量随年龄的增大而减少。

   As with any drug taken in excess, your body can build up a tolerance to it.

   和过量服用任何其他药物一样，身体会对它产生耐药性。

3. withdrawal [wɪðˈdrɔ:əl] n. 停止；撤回；退出

   例句：

   Withdrawal from heroin is actually like a severe attack of gastric flu.

   戒断海洛因的过程实际上就像患了一场严重的胃肠型流感。

   If these drugs are stopped abruptly then some withdrawal symptoms may occur.

   如果突然停服这些药，则可能出现一些戒断症状。