阅读理解遇到推断题，智商突然有点捉急？

小白老师说：阅读理解是全国医学博士英语统考的重要题型，分值高（占30%）、题量大（6 篇）。而推断题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，一般在原文中很难找到现成答案，需要我们利用文中线索，结合文章主旨和作者的写作意图来进行合理推断，坑大陷阱多，失分率很高。今天小白老师就来给大家深入解读一下。

推断题主要是考查考生对文章深层含义的理解，要求不仅能读懂文章，还要能领会作者的言外之意，根据已知的内容推断引申含义。▼

做推断题要注意：

吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础;
推理的根据来自于上下文;
不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;

推断题的题干中常用的词有：

suggest, mean, infer(推断), from the fact, indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to 等。

推断题常见的问题有：

It can be known from the text that ….
From the text we know that ….
The article implies that ….
The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
The writer suggests that….
According to the author, writer in Paris is significant because of …
Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
It can be inferred from the passage that …

分得再细一点，推断题根据出题点的不同可以分为两类，即对文章的总体进行提问、和针对某个局部或细节进行提问。

全文推断实际经常考查的是最后一段和中心论点，还有可能来自于原文中四个不同的信息点。

局部推断题常见于逻辑性较强的段落或句子，即强转折对比的地方、因果关系的地方、类比关系的地方，可能还来自表示言外之意的句子，比如虚拟语气的地方、反问的地方。

推断题有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题一般都是深层意义的题，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。

全国统考不仅是阅读理解，其实听力也是，出题人很喜欢挖的一个坑叫做 “言外之意”，笑眯眯地等着考生前赴后继往里跳。

解答这类题时，大家一定要注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，从而做出正确的判断。在这里，非常重要的一个能力就是 “read between lines”，即读懂作者的弦外之音、言外之意。▼

给大家举个真题里面的例子（2014 年全国卷 Passage Two）

A little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify. The confusion is evident from the New Scientists’ analysis of whether public perception of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact.obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.

At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emission, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as a Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.

Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water use. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.

Similar problems bedevil “green” labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council show the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world’s leading, professional association for technology.

Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Devising rigorous standard for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is dong the underlying scientific work.

Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. They market forces will drive companies to lean up their acts.

Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy—and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.

这篇文章后有这样一题：

From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products**, the author suggests that _________________________.**

A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufactures

B. neither scientists nor manufactures are honest

C. it is vital to build a green economy

D. better information is critical

题干问的是，从未经证实的说法到测量的困难，再到个人产品，作者想表达的是_____________.

根据之前给大家讲过的定位技巧，我们先在题干中找到关键词，然后定位到文章当中的第二、三、四段，是本题考查的范围。文中举这三个方面的例子，目的在于证明文中主旨句 “it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.”，即信息的质量也很重要。因此，选项 D 为正确答案。