听力题中的同义替换到底有多重要？

小白老师说：听力选择题有一个最典型的出题特点，就是干扰项和同义替换并存，同义替换是医学博士英语统考听力题的核心考点，考查大家在短时间内对于听力原文的解码能力。

给大家举个例子。

2019 年第 1 题

点这里听音频：▼

对话原文：

M: I need a doctor right now.

W: Tell me the problem, sir.

M: My wife just passed out.

W: Sir, it’s difficult to understand you. Please take a deep breath and calm down.

Question: Why does the man make the call?

2019年真题听力第一题

试卷上的选项如下：

A. His wife has just passed away.

B. His wife is unconscious.

C. He suffers from shortness of breath.

D. He suffers from depression.

答案：B。

下面为大家详细分析一下。

这则对话是一个打电话场景。

对话中，男士说：“My wife just passed out. ” （我妻子刚刚昏迷过去了。）注意，这里是pass out，昏迷，失去知觉。这一题的考点就在于对“pass out”的理解。

女士说：“Sir, it’s difficult to understand you. Please take a deep breath and calm down.” （先生，我很难听懂你在说什么，请深呼吸，请保持冷静。）

问题是: Why does the man make the call? （男士为什么打这个电话？）

男士显然是因为妻子昏迷过去，失去了知觉，所以才打电话向急救中心求助。

再回过去看选项：

A. His wife has just passed away. 他的妻子刚刚去世了。

B. His wife is unconscious. 他的妻子昏迷了。

C. He suffers from shortness of breath. 他呼吸短促。

D. He suffers from depression. 他患有抑郁症。

选项 B “His wife is unconscious.” 正好就是对话中“My wife just passed out.” 的同义替换。Unconscious 和 pass out 都是“昏迷、失去知觉”的意思。

这样的同义替换，在历年真题的听力题中比比皆是。仅以 2019 年真题为例，除了上面给大家详细分析的这一例，涉及到同义替换的题还有：

2019 第 4 题

点这里听音频：▼

对话中 “elaborate”

= 选项中 “give more details”

对话原文：

W: Would you like to hear about my new business proposal? I’ve been thinking about it for a long time, and I think it could be really profitable to start exporting medical 3D printers to China.

M: Exporting medical 3D princes to China? I think you need to elaborate.

Question: What is the woman asked to do?

选 项：

A. To drop her business proposal.

B. To give more details about her proposal.

C. To weigh losses and gains of the business.

D. To submit the proposal before the deadline.

2019 年第 10 题

点这里听音频：▼

音频中 “ it’s not really bad” = 选项中 “minor”

对话原文：

M: How strong is the pain exactly? On a scale of one to ten, how would you describe the intensity of the pain?

W: Well, I’d say the pain is about a one on a scale of one to ten, like I say it’s not really bad. It just keeps coming back.

Question: Which of the following would best describe the woman’s pain?

选 项：

A. Minor.

B. Moderate.

C. Intense.

D. Severe.

2019 年第 13 题

点这里听音频：▼

对话原文：

W: Is there anything else I can do to help me sleep at night? Should I stay home from work?

M: Well, that‘s not necessary. Just remember to stay calm. Don’t worry so much about things at work. Just do as I said and you’ll sleep well.

Question: What is the woman expected to do?

选 项：

A. To take a couple of days off.

B. To take some sleeping pills.

C. To follow the man’s advice.

D. To stop complaining.

总之，听力中的同义替换题，不仅要求考生听懂听力录音当中句子的意思，而且还要有同义互换的主动意识，换言之，要能够在听懂意思的基础上，积极主动地去思考对话或短文中的信息是否与某个选项匹配。

如果没有听懂原文的意思，那么很难将原文相应内容与选项对应上，也就直接导致答案选不对，甚至有同学会感觉答案好像都没有在听力录音里出现过。

也有不少考生能听懂原文意思，但是由于缺乏同义替换的意识，完全反应不过来要去和选项对应，错失得分良机。