作文预测｜掌握这些好词好句，那么难的命题作文也能全hold住

小白老师说：昨天为大家预测了题为“Animal Experiment”（动物实验）的作文。这样的题目还是有难度的，一是难在关键词的正确表达；二是难在合理立论，并充分论证观点。今天帮大家梳理写作思路、破解关键词写法、给出实用语料并分析重要知识点。

错过昨天推文的同学点这里回顾👇：

作文预测｜考前练一下这个作文题，拿高分的就是你

作文题：Animal Experiment

请大家在 50 分钟之内，按医学博士英语统考命题作文的要求写一篇250词的作文。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a short essay on “Animal Experiment”. You should write at least 250 words but no more than 300 words. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.

Three topic ideas:

有人支持动物实验；
也有反对动物实验；
你的观点。

关键词破解

第一、“动物实验”用英语怎么说？

‍animal experimentation
animal experiments
animal testing

‍

‍

1. animal experimentation 指动物实验这个概念、这件事情的整体。注意，experimentation 是不可数名词，例如：

the ethical aspects of animal experimentation

动物实验的伦理视角

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

2. animal experiments 指具体的动物实验。注意，experiment 是可数名词。一个动物实验 an animal experiment

一些动物实验 some animal experiments

举个例子帮大家加深印象：

Oxford has seen violent protests since the university started building a laboratory for animal experiments in 2004.

牛津大学自2004年开始建造动物实验实验室以来，发生了很多暴力抗议。

《经济学人》

这是我在作文冲刺课里面给大家讲过的“无灵主语句”。

3. animal testing 也是指动物实验这件事情整体，注意 testing 是不可数名词。比如下面这个来自经济学人的句子：

Thirty-three universities have now come out publicly in favour of animal testing, and debate in general is less one-sided.

目前已有 33 所大学公开表示支持动物实验，而且从总体上看，争议并没有一边倒。

《经济学人》

第二、“实验动物伦理”用英语怎么说？

laboratory animal ethics
the ethics of experimental animals

实验动物伦理即人类对待实验动物和开展动物实验所需遵循的社会道德标准和原则理论。‍

The ethics of experimental animals refers to the social and moral standards and principles that humans need to follow in treating and conducting experiments on animals.

第三、动物实验伦理的“3R”原则‍

“3R”原则，即实验动物的替代（Replacement）、减少 (Reduction)、优化 (Refinement）。

写作思路拓展

反对派理由：

生命是平等的，不该伤害动物；动物的基本生存权利不应该被剥夺。
从道德角度看，动物实验不道德，很残忍。
动物实验如果合法化，这种权利可能会被滥用。

支持派理由：

科学家把科技的进步归结给为实验做出了巨大贡献的动物们。
动物实验对于新药的研发推广有重要的意义，例如药品、化妆品的开发等。

实用万能句

Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity.

点睛：第一句陈述现象，第二句摆出双方观点。用这两个句子做文章开头，简直是完美。

Animal experimentation is the use of animals in scientific research.

点睛：简明扼要地给“动物实验”下个定义。

Animal experiments help scientists understand diseases that afflict animals and humans. Scientists also use animal experiments to test new treatments for human and animal diseases, for example new medicines or new surgical techniques.

点睛：为什么要做动物实验，动物实验有什么用处。

At first glance, animal testing may seem cruel and unethical, a clear injustice to a sentient being that has done no wrong and has no voice through which to stand up against such treatment. However, it is prudent and vital to consider the implications of such experiments, particularly in terms of the betterment of human lives.

点睛：给出支持派意见。注意这个句式：“At first glance, … However, …” （乍一看，… 然而，…）有逻辑地展开论述。

Research done on animals can save countless human lives. It has already led to the discovery of insulin and hepatitis C; vaccines against polio and hepatitis B; and procedures such as open heart surgeries, coronary bypass surgery, and heart transplantation.

点睛：第一句总起，第二句摆出各种实例，充实支持派观点。

Many animals, especially primates, share about 90% of their genetic make-ups with humans, so experimenting on such animals can give scientists a good idea about possible reactions in the human body.

点睛：

primate ['praɪmeɪt] n. 灵长类动物
share about 90% of their genetic make-ups with humans

‍

和人类基因构成相似度高达90%

Animal testing helps ensure the safety of drugs and other substances that humans may be exposed to on a daily basis, such as cosmetics. It helps minimize the chances of adverse human reactions, such as rash, itching, or even death, during human clinical trials.

点睛：动物实验对药物安全性的重要意义。

Animal experimentation will enable people to know more about themselves, for there are many similarities between human race and animals. Therefore, the results of scientific research can help people to get further knowledge about mankind.

点睛：这两句话没什么难词，却写得很地道，且句句在理。

Virtually, animal experiment is an abuse of animal life and an obvious violation of the basic right of subsistence.

点睛：给出反对派意见。virtually 的意思是“实际上，实质上”，2020年真题词汇题有考到这个词。当你要揭露某个真相的时候，用这个词来打头阵，可以让你的论述听起来更有力。

Most companies claim that no animals were hurt during animal experimentation, but there nonetheless exists a shadow of doubt.

点睛：

大多数公司声称动物实验中没有动物受伤，但人们对此疑云重重。“Sb. claim that …, but there nonetheless exists a shadow of doubt. ” 多好的句式，当你想表达对某事的反对和质疑，但又说不出明确的反对理由时，就可以把这句话甩出来。

11. Animal experimentation is immoral and is an act of cruelty.

点睛：此句铿锵有力，直指要害。

Since animals cannot volunteer themselves for testing and cannot voice their opinions, some people believe that it is only ethical to test on subjects who willingly give their consent for self testing.

点睛：voice one’s opinions 表达观点，这里voice是个动词，意为“发声”。

I cannot accept the fact that many pitiful animals are used in finding cure for some infectious diseases.
Some cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science.

点睛：in the name of science 以科学的名义；打着科学的旗号

Human scientific research, in which animals are subjected to various experiments should be also condemned.
All in all, both sides of animal testing seems to tilt the scales equally. Animal testing may save millions of human lives, but at the expense of the lives of animals. In the end, taking the pros and cons into consideration, animal testing highlights the fine line between ethics and practical need, and the ultimate decision is subjective to the values of each individual.

点睛：兼顾双方观点，完美收篇。