作文预测｜医疗卫生的可持续发展

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医疗卫生的可持续发展

The Sustainability of Healthcare

世界上任何一个国家，包括医疗先进的国家，都需要关注其医疗卫生服务的可持续性问题。

Every country in the world, including advanced nations in medicine, needs to be concerned about the sustainability of its health services.

人口老龄化是当今一种普遍趋势，影响着世界各区域的富国与穷国。不健康产品的全球化营销已使心脏病、癌症和糖尿病等慢性非传染性疾病成为世界主要杀手。

Population ageing is now a universal trend, affecting rich and poor countries in every region of the world. The globalized marketing of unhealthy products has made chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes, the leading killers worldwide.

长期以来，经济增长和现代化与健康状况的改善密切相关，可现在导致的问题是越来越多的人虽然寿命延长了，却处于不健康的状态。大多数科技市场，比如平板电视和手持电子设备市场，生产的产品越来越便宜，也越来越容易使用。药品和医疗设备则不然，在这些领域，新产品几乎总是更昂贵，使用起来也更复杂，往往需要专门培训。

Economic growth and modernization, long associated with better health, are now creating conditions that leave more and more people living longer but sicker lives. Most technology markets, like those for flat screen TVs and hand-held electronic devices, produce products that are progressively cheaper and easier to use. Not so for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, where new products are nearly always more expensive and more complex to use, often requiring specialized training.

然而，即使是世界最富裕的国家也负担不起用于癌症和丙型肝炎等常见病症的新治疗方法，这些疗法的费用每名患者每年为 5 万至 15 万美元。这种趋势与可持续发展背道而驰。

Even the richest countries in the world cannot afford new treatments for common conditions like cancer and hepatitis C that cost from $50, 000 to $150, 000 per patient per year. This trend is the opposite of sustainable development.

与此同时，越来越多的国家正在改革其卫生系统，以实现全民健康覆盖，这是可持续发展健康目标的一个关键目标。换言之，在各国力求扩大基本服务覆盖面的同时，消费者对医护服务的期望在不断上升，费用在飞涨，而多数预算则停滞或缩减。

Meanwhile, a growing number of countries are reforming their healthcare systems with the aim of reaching universal health coverage, which is a key target under the sustainable development goal for health. In other words, countries are seeking to expand coverage with essential services at a time when consumer expectations for care are rising, costs are soaring, and most budgets are either stagnant or slid.

面对这种困境，特别是鉴于治疗与生活方式相关的慢性疾病的费用，许多专家认为，有必要将医疗卫生服务的提供模式从注重个体疾病的严格生物医学模式转向更加全面的方法。这种方法不仅强调治疗也强调预防，并且提供综合服务以解决健康的多重决定因素，要求人们对自己的健康承担更多责任。

Faced with this dilemma, and most especially the costs of treating lifestyle-related chronic diseases, many experts see a need to shift the model for health service delivery away from a strictly biomedical model which focuses on individual diseases, towards a more holistic approach. This is an approach that stresses prevention as well as cure, offers integrated services that address the multiple determinants of health and asks people to take more responsibility for their own health.

除了需要加强预防外，一些国家正在寻找办法，以避免有小病小痛的人蜂拥到诊所和急诊室。这是减少卫生服务机构负担的一种方法。另一种方法则是中医药。

Apart from the need to do more for prevention, some countries are seeking approaches that may stop people with minor complaints from flooding waiting rooms at clinics and in emergency rooms. This is one way to reduce the burden on healthcare services. Traditional Chinese medicine is another.