医学考博英语新老大纲听力题型对比

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小白老师说：很多第一次考博的医生朋友居然不知道全国统考题型有变，还在按多年前的老题型复习；还有考生朋友反映，说有机构居然把老大纲卖给他们。其实早在 2020 年 1 月，国家医学考试中心就颁布了全国医学博士英语统考新大纲，2020 年以后的全国统考都是按新大纲出题的。今天就新老大纲听力题型变化作详细解读，帮助大家少走弯路。

先说重点：

2019 年及以前听力老题型
2020 年到现在听力新题型

以 2020 年为分界线，全国医学博士外语统一考试历年真题的题型是不一样的，区别主要体现在听力和作文上。2020 年及以后的真题是按新大纲出的，2019 年及以前的真题是按老大纲出的。

新大纲即国家医学考试中心于 2020 年 1 月发布的《全国医学博士外语统一考试指南》，▼

新大纲的试卷结构如下：

从这个试卷结构来看，新大纲有以下四个特点：

考试题型整体稳定
考试时长不变
各单项分值不变
听力和作文题型略有微调

下面为大家深入分析医学考博英语新大纲听力题型特点，并给出应对策略。

新大纲和 2020 年老大纲一样，听力都分成两个部分，Section A 和 Section B。

Section A

老大纲的 Section A 是 15 则短对话，每则对话一题；新大纲的 Section A 是 5 则稍长一点点的对话，每个对话后面有三个选择题。

注意，我在这里没有用“长对话”，而是说“稍长一点点的对话”，因为从样题来看，改革后的这个对话虽然加长了，但是远不如现有老大纲长对话那么长。‍

Section B

老大纲的 Section B 是 1 篇长对话+两篇短文，每篇 5 题；而新大纲的 Section B 是 5 篇小短文，每篇 3 题。

从听力的题型变化来看，新大纲听力的整体难度降低了。

理由如下：

理由 1: 新大纲 “长对话” 不长

我们先来看一下新大纲给出的长对话样题：

W: Can you tell me about yourself, please?

M: Sure, my name’s Harry, 18 years old, currently studying biology and chemistry at school. As you are aware, I hope to pursue a career in medicine.

W: Harry, why do you want to be a doctor?

M: Well, everyone in my family is a doctor, so I think I can follow on nicely.

W: Apart from treating patients, what do you think being a doctor is going to require?

M: Well, you also need to be academic and have to be an excellent communicator with your team and the patients.

这个长对话样题只有三个话轮（对话双方一人一句、一来一往被称之为一个话轮）。

其实，近几年真题的短对话就已经频繁出现多话轮的了，随便举个例子，比如 2016 年真题听力短对话第一题，就是三个话轮：

M: Can I see the doctor soon?

W: Of course. How about next Monday? There’s a slot available at ten in the morning.

M: But I’m afraid I’m working at ten. Is there anything available after three?

W: Let me see. Not on Monday. But we have a three o’clock opening next Wednesday. Would you like to come in then?

M: No problem. Thank you.

Question: When is the man scheduled to see the doctor?

所以新大纲的对话听力并不可怕，我们在历年真题里面早就接触过。这样的多话轮对话，我们早就接触过，而且一直在训练。两年前我就在公众号文章和魔法书里面分析过，“短对话不短”是一个重要的趋势。这也是为什么我们听力特训一百天没有设置单个话轮的短对话训练，给大家听的对话全部是多话轮的。

理由 2：对话的题目多，线索也多

新大纲对话听力后面的题由 1 题增加为 3 题，大家在试卷上能看到的选项就由 4 个增加到 12 个，选项越多，线索就越多，更有利于我们预测对话内容、扫清关键词。

我们一起来看新大纲上对话后面的选择题：

1. A. Switching to biology and chemistry.

B. Choosing to be a family physician.

C. Going to college.

D. Being a doctor.

2. A. Because of his family’s influence.

B. Because of the fact that he’s young.

C. Because of the practical skills he has.

D. Because of his love for biology and chemistry.

3. A. A strong sense of responsibility.

B. Good communicative skills.

C. Excellent health.

D. Great patience.

根据这些选项，我们不但可以预测，这则对话可能是一个升学或求职的面试场景，而且能在选项中预览到对话录音中可能出现的关键词：biology，chemistry，communicative 等等，做到心中有数。

较之老大纲，新题型无疑对考生更友好。很多考生都有这样的感受，老题型的短对话确实是太短了！一男一女各说一句话，感觉在耳边一闪而过，还啥都没听清，对话就结束了，加之老题型短对话坑多，短短两句话，就要求大家分辨弦外之音、语气语调、习语文化，确实有点为难大家。

理由 3：短文听力篇幅变短，信息点不易遗忘

老题型的短文听力篇幅很长，比如 2018 年短文听力第一篇就有 315 词，涉及的细节多且琐碎，而大部分考生英语短期记忆能力差，前听后忘，录音一遍读完，已然忘光前面说什么了。

改革后的新大纲短文听力的篇幅只有 150 词左右，而且每篇后面只有三题，这无疑是重大利好。

以下是新大纲上给出的短文听力样题：

We commonly think that our health is affected by our age, gender, lifestyle and genetic factors that we inherit from our parents. However, these factors are only a small part of what affects our health. Other factors include our social relationships, income, education and working conditions.

Let’s look at stress for example. Unemployment or poor working conditions create unstable life situations and cause stress, which has negative effects on health. One major factor, education, determines income or employment. However, even if you are employed, some workplace conditions, such as lack of flexibility and control over your workday can cause stress.

As you can see, many complex social processes and other factors are connected with one another to affect our health. Studying how these factors work together in large populations is a challenge for researchers and that is what we would like to look at next.

正如大家看到的，新大纲短文听力的篇幅比老题型缩短了将近一半，难度大幅降低。

综上所述，作为专业的医学院校英语教师，我认为新大纲听力题型设计更合理、更科学，一方面能更好地测试考生的真实听力水平。另一方面，对于考生来说，也更容易考出自身真实水平。总之一句话，改得好！